ICT Coursework Essay Example for Free

ICT Coursework Essay Virus, a special program which can do destructive also annoying things, it is a very tricky thing, because there are lots of different viruses, some of them might format your hard disk or they can make copies of itself without the user knowing about itetc. they all have different behaviours but all of them do things that you may not like to see to your computer. Before we know how to protect ourselves, we need to know how viruses work. Viruses are very annoying, because they spread. But they are not spreading in a normal way which you can see; they hide in the boot sector of a storage device, and this storage device can either be a floppy disk or CD-ROM that youve just borrowed from your friend. After it gets into your computer, it will do what the designer of this virus told it to do, it can be make millions of copies, or format the hard disketc. If so, how can people get away from this thing that you can not see? For the problem like this, people have made those anti-virus programs to find the virus, I strongly recommend you to have an anti-virus program, because you may never know what it actually in the file you are looking. In a PC, if a virus gets in, it will begin to spread it self, and do damage to it. Can we stop it? Yes, virus has always been a big problem to PCs, and there are many solutions as well, its just whether people actually do it or not. We can like have regular whole system virus scan e.g. every week. We can also use the floppy disk or CD-ROM that you trust, but even if you trust the source of it, you will still need to have a virus scan before you open it. Be careful with all the files that you have downloaded from the internet, because you may never know is it a clean file. Regular anti-virus program update will do as well. And if we can actually do these things properly, there shall be less problem form the virus. For a business company or school network, a firewall and the anti-virus program is needed. Viruses do not only go from storage devices, they can also come form other computers in your network. So if a single computer in your network gets the virus, all the computers on the network are in danger. So again, regular virus scan, be careful with all the files that you get from other placesetc. should help to keep the damage to minimum. For me, I do have those anti-virus programs and I do all the things Ive said above, with the anti-virus program, I think the damage is kept to a minimum; but I found a problem, if a virus gets into the anti-virus program it self and changes the configuration of the system, nothing will be known because the anti-virus program it self is the virus! However, virus has always been a problem for us, but if we do be aware of it, I am sure that the person who made the virus will soon find there is no way of getting a virus into our system. Finally, do never forget a virus can do anything to your computer, things can really go wrong if you dont keep an eye on you computer.

Alcohol Summary Essay Example for Free

Alcohol Summary Essay In 2001 spirit makers ended a long standing volunteer policy against aggressive alcohol advertising (Steiner and Steiner, 2009). Since that time, there has been an unprecedented shift toward increased alcoholic advertisements in an effort to increase market share and raise profits. This shift brings into light the challenge alcoholic companies face in balancing their fiduciary duties to their shareholders and their corporate and social responsibility to society. This report focuses on the issues surrounding Anheuser Busch’s Spykes beverage and the corporate and social issues similarly faced by other alcoholic beverage companies. Introduction There is growing public pressure for alcoholic beverage companies to meet their social and ethical duties to balance efforts to increase profits to their shareholders whilst protecting society from the harmful effects of excessive alcohol consumption. Anheuser Busch (AB) is one of the largest alcoholic beverage companies in the world. In 2005 AB manufactured an alcoholic beverage called Spykes It is a spirit based beverage that was intended to target their 21-30 year old legal age drinkers. Following a successful soft launch, AB was hopeful that Spykes would help increase market share and profits. Unfortunately, growing public pressure forced AB to stop selling Spykes (Steiner and Steiner, 2009). This report looks at specific issues surrounding Spykes and its potential harm to society, considers AB’s ethical duties to society, discusses the affect of alcoholic advertising in society and addresses potential reforms to help ensure alcoholic beverage companies fulfil their ethical duties to protect society of undue harm. Is Spykes Bad? Spykes could be considered bad in the sense that it was likely targeted at underage drinkers. It is well accepted that alcoholic beverages are no ordinary commodity (Babor et al, 2003) and Spykes could be classified as part of the Alcopops group of beverages which are primarily consumed by underage or young drinkers. These Alcopops negatively affect the health and well being of young people (Robinson and Kenyon, 2009). Accordingly, Spykes may be considered bad for the health and well being of underage drinkers and society in general. The World Health Organisation believes that alcohol consumption is one of the leading causes of death among young people (World Health Organisation, 2002). AB elected to stop selling Spykes in response to negative public pressure. This negative pressure primarily came from Center for Science in the Public Interest who believed Spykes was being marketed and consumed by underage drinkers. This belief was formed on the basis that AB used strategic marketing incorporating the latest technology to produce interactive arenas with impressive graphics, eye catching animation and a fancy website (Riley, 2005). This online content is generally appealing to a young audience. As Riley (2005) stated that young people are the biggest users of the internet and of advanced mobile phone technology. The alcohol industry has been quick to grasp the resulting marketing opportunities. Accordingly, stopping the sale of Spykes was the right thing to do in the context of reducing harm to underage drinkers as well as right thing to do in the context of protecting AB’s brand and public relations efforts as a socially responsible corporation. Anheuser Busch’s Ethical Duties. Ethics refers to the concept of judgment; what is right and wrong, moral and immoral in society. It is ethically accepted that organisations run to make a profit (Steiner and Steiner 2009). Alcoholic beverage companies would argue that advertising is a promotional activity used to enhance their profit, not to attract under age drinkers to consume alcohol. Anderson (2009) argued that alcohol advertising influences young people to consume more alcohol, especially teenagers due to the sexually arousing images in the advertisements. Jones (2005) acknowledged that alcoholic beverage companies who don’t provide correct information or hide information in their advertisements are acting unethically. From society’s perspective, any activities conducted by the alcohol beverage companies to remove alcohol related problems like violence, decreased morality and intoxication related problems like drinking driving are seldom advertised and marketed. In this sense, society is only seeing advertisements related to increased consumption leading to increased profits. Accordingly alcohol industries fail to fulfill their ethical duty to be informative and truthful in their advertising efforts. At present, alcohol beverage companies create a brand image by sponsoring sports and cultural activities that attract drinkers, first starting as a social drinker and then becoming regular drinkers (Munro De Wever, 2008). The current alcohol advertising regulatory system in Australia should aim to minimize exposure and appeal to children (VAADA, 2010). In Australia, advertising activities are regulated by legislation and a code of practice such as the Advertiser Code of Ethics and Alcoholic Beverages Advertising Code (ABAC). This code is based on a voluntary system of self-regulation which is funded and administered by the alcohol beverage companies. Currently there are no penalties for non-compliance (Jones, Hall Munro 2008). Additionally, the organisation is partly funded by alcoholic beverage companies. This presents a conflict of interest as in most instances, their fiduciary duties are act in the best interests of their shareholders and not necessarily society at large. In order to offset this conflict of interest, it is necessary for an Australian Federal regulatory body to be established to independently control alcohol advertising in society in the hopes of minimising the attraction of alcohol to underage drinkers. Misleading Advertisements Studies have proved that there is a strong relationship between alcohol advertising and consumption rates among under age drinkers (Snyder, Milici, Slater, Sun and Strizhakova, 2006; Collins, Ellickson, McCaffrey and Hambarsoomians, 2007). In addition, evidence suggests that alcohol ads influence youth perceptions of drinking. Some advertisements contain misleading messages that drinking alcohol will make consumers more sociable and outgoing; help them have a great time; help them feel more confident and less nervous; succeed with the opposite sex or it would make them feel more attractive (Jones and Gregory, 2007). These messages are highly attractive to today’s youth. Some ads portray drinking as distinctive and prestigious. These ads suggest that by drinking their product you will enjoy the finer things in life. As an example some beer ads depict attractive people on yachts, in luxury restaurants or luxury establishments (Fig 1, 2 and 3). Other ads propagate that drinking increases your status and differentiates you from others (Fig 4). Whilst other ads imply that sports and alcohol go together (Fig 5, 6). These ads are commonly aired during sporting events and through alcoholic beverage company sponsorship of such events. Wealth, happiness and sex tied to drinking are also common themes portrayed in ads (Fig 7 and 8). In some measure, each of these images appeal to under age drinkers and the investment in advertisements is on the rise. Table 1 shows the substantial investment by alcoholic companies in magazines alone. According to The Center on Alcohol, alcohol companies spent $2billion on alcoholic advertisement in magazines alone between 2001 and 2006 (The center on alcohol marketing and youth, 2008). In Australia during 2008, alcoholic beverage companies spent in $109million on advertisements (Nielsen Australia, 2008). Many of these messages are appealing to under age drinkers. Accordingly, alcohol companies should attempt to market their products in such a way that ensures their ads do not convey misleading messages. One way is to focus the ad on the product rather than the misleading images of wealth, sex and status. In addition, local governments should also promote responsible drinking and spread awareness in society adopting similar advertisements strategies. Regulating Alcohol Advertising The need for further regulation depends upon weather it can be proven that advertising alcohol increases consumption. In 2006 Teinowitz (2006) undertook a study of randomly sampled 15-26 year olds. The study found they drank more after seeing alcohol ads, and that each additional ad viewed increased the number of drinks consumed by 1%. The study also established that in markets with more alcohol ads, spending on alcohol was up over markets with fewer ads (Teinowitz, 2006). Accordingly, there is further need for regulation of alcoholic advertising. Further regulation could be in the form of the creation of a regulator body that enforced restrictions against alcoholic beverage companies adopting marketing strategies that primarily appeal to young persons. In AB’s case, they admittedly targeted young people with a brightly colored web site allowing visitors to download music mixes, ring tones, screen savers, and instant messaging icons (Steiner Steiner, 2009). These activities catered around youth culture. Regulators could determine that such marketing strategies, directed at young persons, could constitute advertisements that appeal to under age drinkers and therefore ban such ads. This ban could extend to bans on advertisements in public places and bans against alcoholic companies sponsoring public or sporting events. In order to determine if the suggested restrictions above meet The Central Hudson guidelines, a four part test may be applied as follows (Steiner and Steiner, 2009):- (a) the ad in question should promote a lawful product: (b) the government interest in restricting the particular commercial speech must be substantial; (c) the restriction must directly further the interest of the government; and (d) the restriction should not be more extensive than is necessary to achieve the government’s purpose. As outlined above, young people are influenced by alcohol advertising (Teinowitz, 2006). This interest is therefore substantial and the suggested bans will further protect the interest of the government. Although the suggested restriction may seem excessive, industries need to appreciate that a â€Å"business firm is more likely to gain public approval and social legitimacy if it adheres to basic ethical principles and society’s laws† (Post, Lawrence and Weber, 2002). Accordingly, the suggested restriction would meet the purposes of the Central Hudson guidelines. Conclusion Anheuser Busch is a good example of an alcohol beverage company that struggled to find a balance between increasing market share and profit whilst fulfilling its ethical duty to be a socially responsible corporation. As a result of this case, the information and ideas presented in this report suggests there is much needed reform and the establishment of a regulatory body to deal with alcohol advertisements. This need is driven by the significant interest in protecting young people from harm. Alcohol beverage companies and government should work together and do all they can to reduce harm to young people by restricting marketing and advertisements that appeal to young people. * Appendix A * Table 1 * Appendix B * Figures Fig 1: Skyy Blue, Entertainment Weekly, Apr 11, 2003| Fig 2 : Glenfiddich Scotch Whisky, Sports Illustrated, Nov 15, 2004, Nov 29, 2004, Feb 14, 2005| Fig3 : Captain Morgan Parrot Bay, Stuff, Aug 2002| Fig 4 : http://www. encyclopedia. com/doc/1P2-18802608. html, www. whiskyfun. com/archivemay05-2. html| Fig 5: www. funkydragon. org/en/fe/page. asp? n1=950n2=2207| Fig 6: http://www. swimmingworldmagazine. com/media/Michelob_Ad4. JPG| Fig 7 : Molson Canadian, FHM, Aug 2005| Fig 8 : http://katiehann. wordpress. com/2008/11/06/advertising-alcohol/| References Babor, T, Caetano, B, Casswell, S, Edwards, G, Giesbrecht, P, Graham, K, Grube, J, Grveneward, P, Hill, L, Holder, G, Homel, R, Osterberg, E, Rehm, J, Room, R and Rossow, I (eds), 2003, Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodit, Research and Public Policy, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Brian, J. (2000) Youth, Alcohol, and the Emergence of the Post-modern Alcohol Order, Occasional Paper No. 1 New Series, Institute of Alcohol Studies, London. Riley, L. (2005) ‘Drinking It In: Finding of the Valencia Meeting on Marketing and Promotion of Alcohol to Young People’ in G Marcus J O’Connor (eds), Corporate Social responsibility and Alcohol: The Need and Potential for Partnership, Guilford Press, Hoboken. Robertson, S and Kenyon, A, 2009, Ethics in the Alcohol Industry, Palgrave Macmillan, New York. World Health Organisation (WHO), (2002) The World Health Report 2002: Reducing risk, promoting healthy life, Geneva. Anderson, P. (2009) ‘Is it time to ban alcohol advertising? ’, Clinical Medicine, 9, 2 April 2009: 121-124 Jones, S. C. , Hall, D. Munro, G. (2008) ‘How effective is the revised regulatory code for alcohol advertising in Australia? ’, Drug and Alcohol Review, 27: 29-38 Munro, G. and De Wever, J. (2008) ‘Culture clash: alcohol marketing and public health aspirations’, Drug and Alcohol Review, 27(2): 204-211 Steiner, J. F, Steiner, G. A. (2009) ‘Business, Government, and Society’ McGraw-Hill Irwin, 12ED Sandra C. Jones (2005) ‘Beer, Boats and Breasts: Responses to a controversial alcohol advertising campaign’ ANZMAC Conference, University of Western Australia, P 77-81 Victorian Alcohol and Drug Association, 2010, Position Paper: Alcohol advertising, marketing and promotion, viewed 16 June 2010, http://www. vaada. org. au/resources/items/314236-upload-00001.pdf. Post. J. E. , Lawrence. A. T. and Weber. J. , (2002) Business Society: Corporate Strategy, Public Policy, Ethics, Tenth Edition, Irwin McGraw-Hill, Boston. Teinowitz. I. (2006) Do booze ads drive youth to drink? Advertising Age (Midwest Region Edition) Chicago. Vol 77, Iss 35, p8. viewed 24/06/10 http://0-proquest. umi. com. library. newcastle. edu. au/pqdweb? index=28did=1118136211SrchMode=1sid=1Fmt=3VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1277385716clientId=29744.

Supply Chain Management In FMGC Sector In India Commerce Essay

Supply Chain Management In FMGC Sector In India Commerce Essay The Rs.85000 crore FMCG market in Indian is growing at a quick speed despite of the economic downslide. The raising disposable earnings and enhanced lifestyle in most tier II and tier III cities are having an influence on the FMCG development across the nation. Over the years organizations like HUL, ITC and Dabur have enhanced efficiency with innovation and strong distribution channels. Their key products have strengthened their existence and outperformed competition in the FMCG segment. Moreover organizations have been effective in refreshing their existence in the semi-urban and rural marketplaces. This report examines the supply chain management for FMCG companies in India. This starts with an overview of the FMCG sector in India and goes on to explain how the supply chain in such companies across the nation have added value to the industry and how further betterment in the system can add onto the growth of the industry. The report also contains a summary of the key players, including their product portfolio, business operations, and strategies. The report concludes with an industry outlook section. Introduction Statement of Problem The current issues that are affecting supply chain performance in FMCG are: Distributor Performance  Inadequate efficiency of Suppliers and Transporters may cause low levels of client satisfaction and excessive route to Market costs. Although there are factors that Manufacturers cannot influence, especially poor infrastructure, there are many ways in which Distribution and Transport expectations can be considerably improved. Thus managing availability in complex distribution set ups is a challenge Improving Distributor Performance Companies look at improving distribution and transportation through improving current processes and systems. Logistics  Some companies operate with owned warehouses, distribution centers and trucks and are not sure whether this is the best option. Growth Supply Chain Limitations For all companies a key concern is to evaluate all areas of the provide cycle for ways to improve productivity, customer satisfaction and reduce supply chain operational costs and capital put in the supply chain. One common concern is a lot of completed products kept by the maker compared with the relatively low levels of finished products kept by the distributor. Planning Poor forecasting and demand planning is causing production planning issues by continuously changing production plans on a weekly and sometimes daily basis. Production Planning tools are generally felt to be inadequate and either not available within the ERP system or used stand-alone spreadsheets and manual workaround solutions. The other taxation structures, dealing with counterfeit goods, infrastructure, emergence of third party logistics provider and reservation for the small scale sector are some of the other challenges faced by FMCG industries. Purpose of Study India is going through a retail revolution. All the big business homes are coming into this Segment and it is growing at a very fast speed. Worldwide leaders in this sector like Wal- Mart, Tesco and Carefour are also trying to get into the Indian market. Retail is providing incredible possibilities in career. However, our nation also poses a big challenge to organized large retailers particularly in the FMCG sector. Food being perishable item, for the retailer to be successful the key is proper supply chain management. The task comes from a number of factors, e.g. huge size and inhabitants of our nation, different lifestyle and hence different preference, very inadequate infrastructure like inappropriate roadways, bad connection between production centers and markets, lack of proper cold chain facility like refrigerated transportation, ware-housing etc. Under these conditions it is interesting to find out how huge structured retailers are dealing with these problems. In this paper a relative study is made in supply chain management adopted by different players in FMCG segment. Review of Literature Defining Supply Chain Management Supply chain management (SCM) is the process of planning, employing and controlling the operations of the supply chain as effectively as possible. Supply Chain Management ranges all activity and storage of raw materials, work-in-process stock, and finished goods from point-of-origin to point-of-consumption. In other words Supply chain management (SCM) is the art and science to improve the way a company manages its raw components and final output in terms of a product or a service and offers it to customers. Supply chain can be identified as the physical, financial and information networks for the logistic activity of materials, funds and related information. It starts from the acquisition of raw materials to distribution of finished products to the end users. Participants of supply chain include all vendors, service providers and customers. In essence, Supply Chain Management incorporates supply and demand administration within and across companies. Some experts distinguish Supply Chain Management and logistics, while others consider the terms to be interchangeable. It is useful to remember that these are the terms that are used intertwine to define and distinguish between these related terms. Although Supply chain management is no longer a business school concept, but a track proven technology appropriate to just about every company, regardless of the industrial sector. It is a sequence of complicated data that optimize enterprise plans within given set of constraints, backed up by a fully integrated suite of financial, distribution, and human resource management system. Supply Chain Management features planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing, procurement, conversion and logistics management activities. Often, it also includes co-ordination and collaboration with channel partners and customers. Supply Chain Management integrates supply and demand within and across companies. Supply Chain Management execution is handling and co-ordination of the activity of materials, information and resources across the supply chain. Thus, Supply Chain encompasses all activities associated with the flow and transformation of materials and information from the raw material stage through to the end user. Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) goods are commonly named as consumer packaged goods. Items in this category include all consumables (other than groceries/pulses) people buy at regular periods. The most common in the list are toilet soaps, detergents, shampoos, toothpaste, shaving products, shoe polish, packaged foodstuff, and household accessories and extends to certain electronic goods. These items are meant for daily of frequent consumption and have a high return. The FMCG Industry is on a high growth curve with the overall demand expected to multiply over the next decade. This high growth is most likely to be accompanied by significant structural shifts such as changing customer preferences, emergence of modern retail dimensions, growing rural spend tendency. The resultant new challenges that need to be addressed for an efficient and effective supply chain are: Managing generation of different varieties. Aligning to the outstart of new channels. Managing the challenges of reach. Companies are now realizing that current supply chain configurations need to evolve to enable them to participate in achieving growth. This requires fresh thinking on the ways in which an organization would structure itself in terms of its key supply chain processes and drivers. With the presence of 12.2% of the world population in the villages of India, the Indian rural FMCG market is something no one can overlook. Better infrastructure facilities will improve their supply chain. A qualitative study conducted in the past has captured information about the supply chain management in major FMCG Industries in India. Major Players in the FMCG Market in India Domestic players Britannia India Ltd (BIL) BIL is a major player in the Indian biscuit/cookie industry, with famous brands such as Tiger glucose, Mariegold, Fifty-Fifty, Good Day, Pure Magic, Bourbon etc. The company holds a 40 per cent market share in the overall structured biscuit market and has a capacity of 300,000 tonne annually. Indian Tobacco Corporation Ltd (ITC) Indian Tobacco Corporation Ltd is an affiliate of British American Tobacco with a 37 per cent stake. While ITC is an excellent market leader in its traditional businesses of cigarettes, hotels, paperboards, packaging and agro products, it is rapidly getting business even in its nascent businesses of branded apparel, greeting cards and packaged foods and confectionary. Marico Marico is a leading Indian Group came into existence in 1990 and operating in consumer products, aesthetics services and worldwide ayurvedic businesses. The organization also markets food products and distributes third party products. Marico owns well-known labels such as Parachute, Saffola, Sweekar, Shanti Amla, Hair Care, Revive, Mediker, Oil of Malabar and the Sil range of processed foods. The organization plans to capture growth through steady change of selection along higher margin lines and focus on volume development, consolidation of market shares, building up brands and new product promotions. Multinational players Cadbury India Ltd (CIL) Cadbury Indian Ltd is a 93.5 per cent subsidiary of Cadbury Schweppes Plc, UK, and a global major in the chocolate and sugar confectionery market. CIL is currently the largest player in the chocolate market in India with a 70 per cent market share. The organization is also a key player in the malted foods, cocoa powder, drinking chocolate, malt extract food and sugar confectionery segment. CIL had also entered the carbonated drinks market with brands like Canada Dry and Crush, which were subsequently sold to Coca Cola in 1999. Established brands include Dairy Milk, Perk, Crackle, 5 Star, Éclairs, Gems, Fructus, Bournvita etc. The company plans to increase the number of retail stores for future growth and market expansion. Colgate-Palmolive India Colgate Palmolive India is the market leader in the Indian oral care industry, with a 51 per cent market share in the toothpaste segment, 48 per cent market share in the toothpowder market and a 30 per cent share in the toothbrush market. The company also has a presence in the premium toilet soap segment and in shaving items, which are sold under the Palmolive brand. The company plans to launch new products in dental and personal care segments and is prepared to continue spending on advertising and marketing to gain market share. Profit margins are being targeted through efficient supply chain management and bringing down cost of operations. Hindustan Unilever Ltd (HUL) Hindustan Unilever Ltd is the nations largest and most significant consumer goods company. The product portfolio of the company includes household and personal care products like soaps, detergents, shampoos, skin care products, colour cosmetics, deodorants and perfumes. It is also the market leader in tea, processed coffee, branded wheat flour, tomato products, ice cream, jams and squashes. HUL enjoys a solid distribution network masking over 3,400 distributors and 16 million outlets. Nestle India Ltd (NIL) Nestle India Ltd a subsidiary of Nestle SA, Switzerland, is a leading manufacturer of food products in India. Its products include soluble coffee, coffee blends and teas, condensed milk, noodles (81 per cent market share), infant milk powders (75 per cent market share) and cereals (80 per cent market share). Nestle has also established its presence in chocolates, confectioneries and other processed foods. Soluble drinks and dairy products are the major contributors to Nestles total sales. Some of Nestles popular labels are Nescafe, Milkmaid, Maggi and Cerelac. The company has entered the cold milk products segment with the launch of Nestle Dahi. Nestle has also made a venture in non-carbonated cold beverages segment through placement of Nestea iced tea and Nescafe Frappe selling machines. PepsiCo PepsiCo is a world leader in convenient foods and beverages. PepsiCo brands are available in nearly 200 markets worldwide. PepsiCo entered India in 1989 and is working on three focus areas soft drink concentrate, snack foods and vegetable and food processing. PepsiCos success is the result of excellent products, high standards of performance and unique competitive strategies. Procter Gamble Hygiene and Health Care Limited The overall portfolio of Procter Gamble Hygiene and Health Care Limited includes healthcare; feminine-care; hair care and clothing care businesses. PGHH operates in just two business segments Vicks range of cough cold remedies and Whisper range of feminine hygiene. The parent company has declared its plan to discover further external collaborations in India to meet its global innovation and knowledge needs. Gap Analysis Indian organizations are still keeping up with among the Material Resource Planning (MRP-II), Enterprises Resource Planning (ERP), Logistics and Supply Chain Management (SCM). However, it is quite apparent that Indian corporate sector is fast realizing the need of  SCM, which can integrate all other practices and procedures. SCM in India offers one of  the fastest growth areas in revenues as well as employment. India started a little overdue for restructuring and reformulating the strategies relevant with supply chain. However, there is no doubt that Indian industries are fast catching and preparing for meeting the new business environment. A study of available literature related with Indian business practices after 1991s liberalization guidelines show that organizations are concerned about their value chain and identifying that competition is shifting towards  the efficiency and performance  of entire supply  chain activities. The traces of SCM adoption by Indian organizations are given as: Until 1990, logistics was treated as the management of transportation, inventories and warehousing and organizations had to perform these activities individually in an efficient manner. Before opening of Indian market, Indian business giants were enjoying the single play with stable development of capacities. Later on when they heard the music of competition, they found themselves with excess capacities with huge cost burdens. This required organizations to control the cost factor for the survival at marketplace. At the same time of 1990s, Indian companies got fascinated by Business Process Re-engineering (BPR). Organizations treated BPR as remedy of their illness across the organizations processes and functions by eliminating the non-value adding activities and streamlining the operations with a guarantee of higher returns. Fast growth and development of telecommunication networks and wide spread of information technology tools and techniques after mid 1990s presented the biggest challenge in managing well-informed clients. Nevertheless, these changes also provided the most significant boost to Indian industries because organizations discovered themselves able to reach out vendors or suppliers on one end, and clients to the other. Due to this revolution only, ERP-II integrated the internal departments into a seamless organization, whereas, SCM attempts to integrate the exterior factors and processes into the internal procedures. Research Methodology The methodology used for this study is that of primary research. Surveys were given out to 30 FMCG stockiest. By collecting and analysing the results of the surveys we arrive at conclusions for each of the considered questions. In the survey we consider 12 questions. Sampling The sampling plan for the study decides the work area that is the population, which has to be surveyed. A Brief idea about the sampling for this research consisting of its different parameters is given below: The research methodology comprises of the following: Sampling Method (Judgment sampling) In this type of the sampling the researcher uses his judgment to select population members who are good source for accurate information. Sampling Universe The sample universe taken is Andheri (W), Mumbai. Sample size In this study sample size is of 30 FMCG stockiest. Due to the shortage of time the research size is taken short so that the research can be done easily. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH The research is primarily descriptive as the problem is very specific and a certain set of answers only while provide the insight to the solution. EXPLANATORY RESEARCH This stage develops a precise theory which is used to explain empirical generalizations that are derived from descriptive stage. DATA COLLECTION The data has been primarily collected from the various customers, their opinions and answers are recorded in the form of an excel sheet. DATA ANALYSIS (ACTIVITIES AND TECHNIQUES) There are three different activities in data analysis:- Data Reduction- in this data is selected, focused, simplified, abstracted and transformed. The data is organized. Data Display- data is compressed, reduced and organized. Conclusion Drawing and Verification. Questionnaire And Analysis Level of awareness towards Supply Chain Management in the FMCG sector Degree of willingness to accept Supply Chain Management for better profitability achievement Choices for a better Supply Chain Solutions Insufficient funds affecting the implementation of Supply Chain Management Satisfaction level with Supply Chain Solutions Level up to which new emerging technologies are beneficial in providing better Supply Chain Solution Most preferred option of the advantages of implementation of Supply Chain Solution Role of Supply Chain in the Total Performance of a business Willingness level for outsourcing Supply Chain services Importance of Supply Chain solutions in FMCG sector compared to other commodities Objectives of the FMCG Companies Challenges shaping the startegies of FMCG companies Findings and Conclusion Most of the stockiest across Andheri(W) are well aware about the Supply Chain Management fundamental but approximately 20 % stockiest are not aware about the same; they follow traditional way to deliver good to their customers. Supply chain management is known to be one of the most important tools to increase total profitability. Particularly in case of stockiest business supply chain contribution forms major part of total profit. But in Andheri(W) 28 % stockiest dont believe that supply chain helps form major part of their total profit. Willingness level to accept the supply chain management advantage of better profitability achievement is also not very satisfactory. On the basis of above response, most of the stockiest have many options for alternative Supply Chain Solutions, some have moderate level of options for the same. But 35% stockiest have very few options for alternative Supply Chain Solutions. Those who have very few options for Supply Chain feel trouble when they want to increase supply chain performance. Supply chain cost contributes to the major part of the total cost in the FMCG stockiest business. But effective supply chain management would be helpful in reduction of cost and increase profit. In the survey 22% stockiest respondents feel cost deficiency does not hinder the implementation of supply chain solutions. Satisfaction level among respondents towards Supply Chain Solutions is high. 50% of the respondents feel so. In survey 22 % stockiest fell emerging technologies are not beneficial in providing better supply chain solutions which shows that either they are not aware or not interested in using emerging technologies in their business process. 48% of the stockiest feel that Better lead time is the most preferred option of the advantages of implementation of Supply Chain Solution. According to the survey respondents feel that Supply Chain plays a major role in uplifting the total performance of the business. Respondent Stockiest dont like to outsource supply chain solutions because their business is all about supply chain. Outsourcing supply chain solutions from third party supply chain service provider would directly impact their total profit. But 24% stockiest feel they would like to or are currently outsourcing their supply chain solutions. Supply Chain solutions hold a high importance in the FMCG sector as compared to other commodities sector in India. Reduce out-of-stocks/increase shelf availability has been rated it as the first priority by the respondents. Followed by Lower sourcing/procurement costs, Improve service offered to customers, Reduce investment in inventory and Lower warehousing and distribution costs. As far as challenges in the FMCG sector are concerned, the picture is somewhat more practical and tactically oriented. The ongoing struggle to make the supply chain demand-driven and lean is the regarded as a serious and critical challenge to the FMCG sector. So the need is to create a better promotional awareness by FMCG key players to offer different version of SCM solutions because stockiest feel that they can offer better time bound delivery of product to their customer and can manage their inventory in a better way such that it poses out to be a strategic advantage to their business.

Right to Abortion Essay -- Abortion Birth Pregnancy Argumentative Essa

Right to Abortion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abortion has always been a controversial subject among everybody whether they are involved directly or indirectly, whether they are for it or against it. It is nearly impossible to find someone who doesn't have an opinion about abortion. Both those who favor or oppose abortion make superior arguments to defend their beliefs and views. Personally, I think every last person is entitled to his or her own opinions, beliefs, thoughts, and rights. And yes, women have rights too, and denying women the right to choose abortion in the early stages of fetal development is denying her rights as a US citizen and is also discriminating against her. I think that abortion should be restricted to the first 21 weeks, which is when most of the tests can be taken to determine the health of the fetus. Anything after that might be immoral, since the fetus can very well live outside the mother's womb; although, it does depend on the situation. Abortion should unquestionably not be used as a primary birth control use. It should be determined based on the circumstances of the pregnancy. A woman should have the choice to have an abortion if she is raped, impregnated by a disturbed man or by incest. It would be unfair to force a rape victim to bear an unwanted baby and give up all the dreams she ever had and be reminded of that rape for the rest of her life. I also think a womanà ¢s life should not be sacrificed or put at risk, a woman should be able to abort if th...

Jackson vs. McClellan :: history

Jackson vs. McClellan General Lee said, to be a good soldier you must love the army, to be a good general you must be prepared to order the death of the thing you love, and therein lies the great trap of soldiering. When you attack you must hold nothing back." Thomas J. Jackson was both a good soldier and a good general. In the Mexican War he fought with all his heart for his country. When the Civil War came, he was a general. He never hesitated to send his men forward. He held nothing back. George McClellan also fought with all his heart for his country in the Mexican War. When the time came to send his men forward in the Civil War, he couldn’t do it. He loved the army to much to order its death. Even though McClellan wasn’t very good at letting his men go and making decisions, he was great at bringing the men’s spirits up when they were down. Every man under his command loved and cherished George B. McClellan. Stonewall was also respected by his men but not loved like McClellan. The name Stonewall Jackson put fear into the hearts of the Union soldiers, and he was respected for that. Jackson was always ready to fight for his country. When he was young he went to train at West Point to become a soldier and leader. He wasn’t as bright as some of the other students, but he worked hard pushing to succeed. In the end he ended up 17th in his class, giving him the chance to become 2nd Lieutenant of Artillery in the Mexican War. He lived through the war with no problems. He was admired by the army for his courage, he never backed down. After the Mexican War he went to VMI (Virginia Military Institute) to teach. He had two classes, Natural & Experimental Philosophy and Artillery tactics. He was no professor but a great artillery instructor. When the time came for the Civil War Jackson was ready. He left VMI to become a colonel and lead a brigade of men in the Battle of Bull Run. This is the battle where he received his nickname. When General Bee saw Jackson holding his position he said, "There is Jackson standing like a stonewall. Rally behind the Virginians." He held his ground at Bull Run so he was promoted to General Jackson. Jackson vs. McClellan :: history Jackson vs. McClellan General Lee said, to be a good soldier you must love the army, to be a good general you must be prepared to order the death of the thing you love, and therein lies the great trap of soldiering. When you attack you must hold nothing back." Thomas J. Jackson was both a good soldier and a good general. In the Mexican War he fought with all his heart for his country. When the Civil War came, he was a general. He never hesitated to send his men forward. He held nothing back. George McClellan also fought with all his heart for his country in the Mexican War. When the time came to send his men forward in the Civil War, he couldn’t do it. He loved the army to much to order its death. Even though McClellan wasn’t very good at letting his men go and making decisions, he was great at bringing the men’s spirits up when they were down. Every man under his command loved and cherished George B. McClellan. Stonewall was also respected by his men but not loved like McClellan. The name Stonewall Jackson put fear into the hearts of the Union soldiers, and he was respected for that. Jackson was always ready to fight for his country. When he was young he went to train at West Point to become a soldier and leader. He wasn’t as bright as some of the other students, but he worked hard pushing to succeed. In the end he ended up 17th in his class, giving him the chance to become 2nd Lieutenant of Artillery in the Mexican War. He lived through the war with no problems. He was admired by the army for his courage, he never backed down. After the Mexican War he went to VMI (Virginia Military Institute) to teach. He had two classes, Natural & Experimental Philosophy and Artillery tactics. He was no professor but a great artillery instructor. When the time came for the Civil War Jackson was ready. He left VMI to become a colonel and lead a brigade of men in the Battle of Bull Run. This is the battle where he received his nickname. When General Bee saw Jackson holding his position he said, "There is Jackson standing like a stonewall. Rally behind the Virginians." He held his ground at Bull Run so he was promoted to General Jackson.

The Definition of a Hero :: Definition Essay

The Definition of a Hero When I think of a hero I immediately think of someone who is strong, intelligent, handsome, and daring. Upon closer examination, many different qualities than these become apparent. Courage, honesty, bravery, selflessness, and the will to try are just a few of the overlooked qualities of a hero. The definition of heroism changes with the context and time. Heroes of the past are not necessarily heroes of present time and vise versa. A person can be a hero for saving the life of one or of millions. Heroes are not only real people, but they are also fantasy figures. Children are extremely interested with legendary and fantasy figures because they take on such tasks as: difficult journeys, challenges with dragons, discovering lost treasure, and changing the nature of the world through their singular acts of courage and selflessness. They also endure much resistance, hardship, and danger. Often the hero learns valuable lessons about survival and self-reliance. Not only do heroes teach valuable lessons they give a child a sense of belonging. To a child, a hero is an invincible person who will change the world. There is another type of hero that almost no one is aware of. In the poorest areas of the country, live mostly minorities and other ethic background. All their lives they’ve been expected to work harder and expected not succeed in life. Some individuals living in poverty with a determination to succeed work hard all of their lives to become what everybody doubted they could. Escaping the crime, drugs, and prostitution is enough to escape hell, even if they don’t go to college. Despite of their financial problems, drug and crime surroundings, or difficulties in the language skills, their desire to triumph fuels their persistence. Those who make it to success are the few living examples of the purest form of hero anyone can be. They are not only their own heroes but also the heroes of the poor children who dream of becoming like them someday. You also don’t have to kill anyone, conquer foreign land, or risk your life to be a hero. Anyone who influences anyone else by saving or helping save his or her lives is a hero. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. changed the lives of millions of people by bringing justice to minorities. Mahatma Gandhi, one of the greatest heroes, led a nonviolent revolution to free his country.

Winning the Nguyen Thuong Hien Prize

You wont know what challenges come to your life in the future so you can only think what you had been through in the past. When I was a student in High School, I was a shy person; Just doing what my parents wanted me to do and never cared about what was happening around me until I was encouraged to participate in a contest. The Unguent Thong Hein Prize In presentation was the most Important event that changed my life. When I studied at 12th grade, I was a shy student, and I rarely open up to people. My teacher was frustrated about possibility of my collective activity in class.I thought that a good student Just had to get high score on my test, doing all my homework, and don't need to take extracurricular activities. These of things affect my school life, my teacher recognized that, and he advised me to change Into more confident person, and he recommended me the contest of Unguent Thong Helen prize where I had the opportunity to become an outgoing person. I thought about what my tea cher said to me when I came home, I ally wanted to become an active person and submitted an application to the organizers of this contest.My teacher and friends helped me to transform from a shy person to an outgoing person. My teacher instructed me how to overcome the fears that I have to face the crowd and advised me to practice many times in front of my classmates. My classmates also gave me advice how to improve so that I could do better when I practiced with them. In the contest, I did my speech. My presentation talked about friendship. After I finished presentation its implementation, I was reprise when the judges announced that I won the contest.I was so glad I have overcome fear to complete my speech smoothly. In conclusion, joining Unguent Thong Hein prize was a turning point made me into an adult's person. The prize helps me recognize that I'm more confident than the past; I'm starting to look after everyone around me. When I believe in myself, I can do anything what I wan t. That's why I decided to go to The United State to study after I graduated in my high school. Winning the Unguent Thong Hein Prize By Tom-cleverly Life is not simple.You won't know what challenges come to your life in the future so participate in a contest. The Unguent Thong Hein Prize in presentation was the most important event that changed my life. When I studied at 12th grade, I was a shy advised me to change into more confident person, and he recommended me the contest of Unguent Thong Hein prize where I had the opportunity to become an surprise when the Judges announced that I won the contest. I was so glad I have overcome fear to complete my speech smoothly.